How Much Does a 3D Printer Cost To Buy & Maintain in 2022?

One of the most asked 3D printing questions is how much does a 3D printer cost? How much is a 3D printer? 3D printers are great, but if they cost too much, no one will be able to afford one.

In fact, 3D printers cost less than they ever have. Just six years ago you would struggle to find a good 3D printer under $1,000, whereas now there are usable 3D printers starting at just under $200.

This article will explain 3D printer prices in each category, from the cheapest entry level 3D printers to the highest quality industrial 3D printers, and the features you can expect for the price.

It’s also important to remember that the cost of a 3D printer doesn’t end when you buy it and take it home. Ongoing costs of 3D printing include material costs, software costs, post-processing costs and more.

3D printer price: How much is a 3D printer?

We have split this into five categories, from the lowest to top end of the market. Within each category we recommend the best 3D printers for the price, with the precisions and maximum print size you can expect, along with other key information.

3D Printer Price Guide

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Lowest cost usable 3D printer cost

• 3D printer price: $180 to $400
• Expected precision: 100 microns
• Expected print size: small

These are the lowest price 3D printers that are durable and reliable enough to recommend. If you’re wondering how much a small 3D printer costs, you’re probably looking for this category.

Though inexpensive, they are less suitable for beginners as they are often DIY 3D printers you need to assemble yourself, requiring tech know-how, especially if you want to upgrade it more down the line with better extruders, nozzles, and other parts. They are usually RepRap 3D printers.

These 3D printers often have a small build volume if they come assembled, or medium size if a 3D printer kit. They are not usually compatible with many materials as they can’t reach high extruder or heated bed temperatures, though if you only plan on using 3D printer filaments such as PLA this isn’t a problem.

You cannot expect remarkably high reliability with these 3D printers, which can on occasion cause a headache when parts break. In this price range very few 3D printers will have a dual extruder, and will often require you to calibrate them, which may be too complex for beginners to 3D printing.

You’re mostly restricted to FDM printers here, though some LCD printers fall into this price range.

Entry level beginner 3D printer cost

• 3D printer cost: $400 to $1,000
• Expected precision: 50-100 microns
• Expected print size: small to medium

These hobbyist desktop 3D printers are small, reasonably inexpensive and far better suited to new beginners, as well as experienced makers seeking a better quality and more reliable 3D printer.

They usually at least partially self-calibrate, are far more user friendly with basic touchscreens and better user interfaces, and less likely to require small adjustments every few prints or break.

Though these 3D printers cost more, they can often print larger parts — especially those with an open build area — and they usually have heated beds to print tougher filaments like ABS. Though more reliable than very low-cost 3D printers, they are not as reliable as more professional 3D printers priced in the thousands.

When considering how much is a good 3D printer, many will point you towards either a machine in this 3D printer price range, or perhaps slightly higher. Lower priced printers are considered basic, whereas these printers are more powerful.

Reliable desktop 3D printer cost

• 3D printer price: $1,000 to $4,000
• Expected precision: 50-100 microns
• Expected print size: medium

These are the more robust, durable and workhorse 3D printers with key quality of life improvements that automate some of the more technical aspects to save you time and stress.

3D printers priced above $1,000 usually include filament run-out detectors, automatically powering off when printing has finished, automatic pausing in the event of a power outage to resume where you left off, and all forms of calibration and remote printing via WiFi on a smartphone or laptop.

Another key improvement for 3D printers in this price range is the wider range of filaments and materials you can print, commonly able to 3D print carbon fiber filaments, Nylon, Polycarbonate and more. Good desktop 3D printers are capable of 50-micron accuracy, and at the top end of this price range viable resin 3D printers appear for high-quality resin part production.

3D printers in this price range often have good customer service for any problems you may encounter with your 3D printer.

Professional 3D printer cost

• 3D printer cost: $4,000 to $10,000
• Expected precision: 20-100 microns
• Expected print size: medium to large

At this level, your 3D printer should be able to print parts for you all day, all night, and all day again with no issue. And these parts should be good enough quality for real functional prototype and form and shape testing.

FDM 3D printers in this category are normally large 3D printers, such as the Raise3D Pro2 Plus, and almost always come with a dual extruder. These printers can maintain higher print speeds without losing quality, and are often seen in universities and schools for STEM 3D printing education, small businesses for rapid prototyping, and in clubs and societies related to making.

Within this 3D printer price range, the lowest SLS 3D printers become available. Heavily used in prototyping, SLS printers use plastic powders to create parts that don’t require any supports, leading to better quality finished parts without the same need for post processing. These start at around $6,000, but often cost into the tens of thousands.

Industrial 3D printer cost

• 3D printer cost: $10,000+
• Expected precision: 20-50 microns
• Expected print size: large

These industrial 3D printers are built to last and to be extremely durable. These are often metal 3D printers using DMLS, Binder Jetting or EBM technologies.

These printers offer extremely fast speeds and multiple part simultaneous printing, entering territory where 3D printing can be considered a viable short to medium volume manufacturing option. They are used in huge factories, for automotive companies like BMW, and in the space and medical sectors.

If you’re wondering how much a metal 3D printer costs, they’re difficult to find for less than $80,000. Many fall in the $100,000-$300,000 bracket, with some, such as Concept Laser’s X Line 2000R, costing several million dollars.

In addition to the high price, they may require frequent maintenance check-ups by trained company staff, and the materials used to print, making them some of the most expensive 3D printers – but they offer extremely high-quality parts.

If you’re looking for an industrial 3D printer, we may be able to help:

*One of our trusted partners will be in touch following a quote request.

3D Printing Costs: How much does it cost to run and maintain a 3D printer?

3D Printer Material Costs

Once you’ve bought a 3D printer, you need the materials to print with. If you’re using an FDM 3D printer, you need filament such as PLA or ABS; if you’re using a resin 3D printer then you’ll need resin, and if you’re using an SLS 3D printer, you’ll need the polymer powder.

Basic ABS or PLA filament will cost around $20 per kilogram. Other more alternative filaments such as flexible TPU will cost more, starting at around $40. Very high-quality filaments with extremely strong mechanical properties like PEEK can cost significantly more.

• Check out our recommended ABS filaments here
• Check out our recommended PLA filaments here
• Check out our recommended PETG filaments here

You may also want a filament dryer and filament containers to keep your filament in the best condition possible. This is because filaments are hygroscopic, meaning they absorb moisture from the air, worsening print quality by making the filament more brittle, uneven and rough. Some filaments are more hygroscopic than others, with Nylon filaments considered some of the most hygroscopic.

We recommend:

• Printdry Vacuum Sealed Filament Containers
• Printdry Filament Drying System

The lowest cost resins for LCD printers like the Elegoo Mars and AnyCubic Photon range start at around $20 for 500ml, and around $35 for 1 liter. Third party higher quality resins used for 3D printers such as Formlabs’ Form 3 start at around $85, with Formlabs selling their own resins that start at $149.

For an SLS 3D printer, PA12 Nylon powder can cost around $60 per kilogram, though this can vary.

How much does 3D printing cost per print?

This depends on the size of your print, and the percentage infill.

The standard infill percentage is around 20%, though for testing the functionality of stronger parts you can go up to 80% or even higher. This will however use significantly more filament and cost exponentially more.

Based on a filament cost of $20/kilo, and assuming an average print which takes 4-5 hours to print uses up 100g filament, you can make a rough estimate that you’re paying around $2 per print.

Of course, this varies wildly – a tiny 3D printed ring mold may cost you $0.10, and a huge vase that takes a day to print could cost $10. One $20 filament spool is enough to print a few hundred standard sized chess pieces, with FDM known for being the cheapest and most accessible 3D printing technology by quite some distance.

You also need to account for failed prints. Depending on how reliable your 3D printer is, prints could fail up to 10% of the time. Therefore, a conservative estimate would be to add 10% to your printing costs, though this depends on the size of the print and your print settings.

Resins are more expensive than filament, so account for that. For 3D printing castable jewelry molds, you could conservatively estimate $1 of resin each, and these models are small and thin. SLS 3D printer powders are more expensive, and you’ll need to pack the build area efficiently to make best use of the powder.

3D Printer Repairs and Upgrades Costs

When calculating how much a 3D printer costs, you need to also account for any repairs that you’ll need to pay for, as well as any upgrades you may want to improve your 3D printing experience.

Some 3D printer parts need to be replaced more often than others, such as a 3D printer’s nozzle. Depending how much you print, you could get through many nozzles per year – though these are fairly inexpensive. Standard brass nozzles will be eviscerated by abrasive filaments such as carbon fiber, so consider investing in a hardened steel or ruby-tipped nozzle for these.

You also need to think about any potential upgrades you may purchase, such as for your 3D printer’s extruder or hot end. These upgrades can cost between $50 to $150 for high quality E3D or similar brand extruders and hot ends, but will greatly improve your 3D printing options.

• We recommend extruders in our 3D printer extruder guide.
• We recommend hot ends in our 3D printer hot end guide.
• We have a full guide to all 3D printer parts in our parts of a 3D printer guide.

Some makers say to add 10% on top of the cost of a 3D printer to account for repairs and upgrades. This isn’t applicable for very low-end printers, as upgrading the extruder may cost 30% or more of the printer’s cost already. But for answering the question of how much is a 3D printer, it’s important to factor in upgrades.

3D Printer Electricity Cost

3D printers require electricity to print, which adds to your costs. However, these costs aren’t huge. If you used your 3D printer for an average of 2 hours per day, your yearly bill would probably be under $10, depending on where you live. But it isn’t free, so should be considered.

For a more mathematical and technical explanation into exactly how much this is, read our article on how much electricity a 3D printer uses.

3D Software and 3D Slicer Costs

If you are designing your own models then you may need to purchase a 3D CAD program, though there are some free 3D software tools out there such as Blender.

• View our recommendations for the best free 3D modeling software.
• Our recommendations for the best professional 3D modeling software tools.
• The best 3D CAD software modeling tools.

Additionally, you’ll need a 3D slicer to slice your models for printing. There are free 3D slicers like Cura available as well as paid slicers like Simplify3D which increase your total printing costs.

• View our recommendations for the best 3D slicers.
• For resin 3D printing, here is our ranking of the best resin 3D slicers.

In some cases you may even scan an object you want to create a 3D printed model of using a 3D scanner. Cheap 3D scanners start at just $100, but professional scanners can cost tens of thousands of dollars.

Finishing Cost on Printed Parts

Once you’ve printed your part, you may want to sand, paint or polish it. These all add to your total costs of printing. Be sure to account for the paints, sanding tools and polish.

• We recommend a number of post-processing tools in our guide to 3D printer accessories.

Opportunity Cost of Your Time

In some cases, you may want to factor in your time as a cost as well. When you choose to spend your time 3D printing, you give up working on another fun project, enjoying other kinds of leisure time, or earning money working. In rare cases one may factor in the value of their time into 3D printing costs.

For example, if you earn $20 an hour, and you spent two hours working on a 3D printing project, the opportunity cost of your time is $40. Now, you shouldn’t feel like you’re on the clock if you’re having fun exploring your creativity on the weekends, but for more commercially-minded makers calculating 3D printing costs to start a 3D printing business, this is something to keep in mind.